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Publications

Toward an Understanding of Synergies and Trade-Offs between Water, Energy, and Food SDG Targets

is the title of a publication by Dr. Marianela Fader, Colleen Cranmer, Richard Lawford and Jill Engel-Cox.

Achieving the SDG targets will require committed efforts by nations and organizations over the coming decade. To determine the best compatible actions within funding, infrastructure development, and implementation of three closely aligned goals, the greatest synergies where investigated as well as conflicting resource needs creating trade-offs possibly threatening SDG success. The SDGs each have several targets that need to be realized to reach the goal. A methodology was designed to analyse each target of SDG 2 (food), 6 (water), and 7 (energy). The targets were compared pairwise and total interaction was calculated to determine different levels of synergies and trade-offs for every pair. It was concluded that achieving the water targets will make it continuously easier to achieve other targets. While the results may require adaptation to a specific locality or country, they provide an improved understanding of the interactions between the targets. The value of the study lies in the quantitative methodology as it can be used as a replicable analysis for any level of work on SDG implementation.

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Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean

Recent accelerated climate change has exacerbated existing environmental problems in the Mediterranean Basin due to a combination of changes in land use, increasing pollution and declining biodiversity. For five broad and interconnected impact domains (water, ecosystems, food, health and security), current change and future scenarios point to significant and increasing risks during the coming decades. Policies for the sustainable development of Mediterranean countries need to mitigate these risks and consider adaptation options, but currently lack adequate information. This is especially true of the most vulnerable southern Mediterranean societies, where fewer systematic observations schemes and impact models are based. A dedicated effort to synthesize existing scientific knowledge across disciplines is underway, aiming at providing a better understanding of the combined risks posed.

The article has been published in Nature Climate Change, Vol. 8, November 2018:

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Reconciling global-model estimates and country reporting of anthropogenic forest CO2 sinks

Achieving the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement requires forest-based mitigation. Collective progress towards this goal will be assessed by the Paris Agreement’s global stocktake. At present, there is a discrepancy of about 4 GtCO2 yr 1 in global anthropogenic net land-use emissions between global models (reflected in IPCC assessment reports) and aggregated national GHG inventories (under the UNFCCC). The authors show that a substantial part of this discrepancy (about 3.2 GtCO2 yr-1) can be explained by conceptual differences in anthropogenic forest sink estimation, related to the representation of environmental change impacts and the areas considered as managed.

Published in Nature Climate Change, volume 8, pages 914–920 (2018).

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Progress on Ambient Water Quality – Piloting the monitoring methodology and initial findings for SDG indicator 6.3.2

SDG indicator 6.3.2This report is part of a series of progress reports under the UN-Water Integrated Monitoring Initiative for SDG 6 that reviews the global progress made towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It was launched by UN Environment during World Water Week 2018 in Stockholm and is based on country data, compiled and verified by the responsible United Nations organisations, and sometimes complemented by data from other sources.

The ICWRGC contributed to the report as implementing partner for SDG Indicator 6.3.2 (“Good Ambient Water Quality”) in the framework of the GEMS/Water programme (UN Environment).

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SDG 6 Synthesis Report on Water and Sanitation – 2018

This report reviews the global progress made towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It builds on the latest data available for the eleven SDG 6 global indicators and was prepared to inform the High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development during its in-depth review of SDG 6 in July 2018.

The ICWRGC contributed to the report as implementing partner for SDG Indicator 6.3.2 (“Good Ambient Water Quality”) in the framework of the GEMS/Water programme (UN Environment).

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The relationship between past climate and prehistoric Mediterranean agriculture

From paleoclimate variables to prehistoric agriculture: Using a process-based agro-ecosystem model to simulate the impacts of Holocene climate change on potential agricultural productivity in Provence, France

is the title of a publication co-authored by Daniel A. Contreras, Alberte Bondeau, Joël Guiot, Alan Kirman, Eneko Hiriart, Loup Bernard, Romain Suarez and Marianela Fader.

This paper explores the relationship between past climate and prehistoric Mediterranean agriculture by adapting a process-based dynamic vegetation model to estimate potential agricultural productivity under climate scenarios characterizing the extremes of Mediterranean climate in the Holocene. Quantitative estimates of potential yields are produced under past climatic conditions derived from four Holocene climatic extremes under two different assumptions about the intensity of agricultural practice. This process is discussed with reference to a case study in Provence, examining the methodology and data requirements for modelling past agriculture and considering the implications of the variability in potential agricultural productivity under distinct climate conditions. Special focus is on comparing the range of variability induced by climatic shifts with that achievable through changes in agricultural practices as a means of approaching questions of past vulnerability and resilience.

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Bringing it all together: linking measures to secure nations’ food supply (COSUS) – 2017

A growing human population and changing consumption patterns threaten adequate food supply globally by increasing pressure on already scarce land and water resources. Various measures have been suggested to sustainably secure future food supply: diet change, food loss reduction and closing the yield gap of nutrients as well as water. In this paper, we carry out a review and integration of these measures to provide a first estimate of the combined potential at country level. The overall potential increase in global food supply was estimated to be 111% and 223% at moderate and high implementation levels, respectively. Further, this analysis highlights country-level management opportunities for each intervention studied. Several potential future research opportunities are proposed to improve integration of measures.

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Preventing Conflicts, Fostering Cooperation – The many Roles of Water Diplomacy – 2017

Preventing Conflicts, Fostering Cooperation – The many Roles of Water Diplomacy – 2017

This report deals with the manifold facets and options of water diplomacy, including the linkages between conflict and cooperation. Water diplomacy can be used to promote technical water cooperation, develop good relations among neighbouring countries in transboundary catchments, and thus prevent conflicts, promote economic development and political stability as well as improve environmental conditions.

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EO: Water Quality Monitoring – 2017

Cover of the publicationAdvanced techniques for monitoring water quality using Earth Observation

The GEO Water Quality Initiative AquaWatch aims at developing international operational water quality information systems based on Earth Observation with a focus on the developing world.

As part of its outreach activities, AquaWatch has compiled a publication with information and examples about water quality issues and available water quality monitoring methods to inform parties involved in water resource management, policy and sustainable development.

The ICWRGC is actively contributing to several AquaWatch working groups and has supported the design, production and printing of the booklet.

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Water Diplomacy – 2017

Water Diplomacy

Water Diplomacy – what is it?
‘Water diplomacy’, or ‘hydro diplomacy’, has become a popular buzzword, used by foreign ministries, think tanks, and journalists alike. Its usage has been accompanied by the growing prominence of water-related risks. Since 2011, when flooding was placed on the World Economic Forum’s top 5 risks in terms of likelihood or impact, water-related crises have been on the list each year. Although most uses of the phrase water diplomacy are ambiguous, so what is it exactly?

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